Tensile forming
The drawing process for metal shaping can be used for the most diverse purposes, e.g., for reducing diameters and wall-thicknesses, improving surface quality or strength, improving dimensional tolerances, or forming profiles. A distinction is drawn between rod drawing, tube drawing and wire drawing. The material to be drawn is drawn is pulled by an axially applied force through a shaping tool (die-plate, drawing nozzle, die opening). Die number of drawing actions required is determined by the initial cross-section. Process annealing may be necessary. The thorough cleaning of the surface before the material is drawn by pickling or peening, good lubrication and adequate cooling of the drawing tool during the work is essential.
Cold-drawing process for sheet-metal parts: ironing, stretch drawing, deep-drawing.
Hot-drawing: seamless tubes (tube manufacture)
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